The Role of International Aid and Cooperation in Strengthening Water Management Capacity in Afghanistan

Abstract

Afghanistan’s water sector faces serious challenges due to protracted conflicts, climate change, weak institutional capacities, inadequate infrastructure, and limited financial resources. These challenges have reduced the country’s ability to effectively manage its water resources and have affected the process of sustainable development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the role of international assistance and cooperation in strengthening Afghanistan’s water management capacities. The study was conducted based on a qualitative method and used thematic and descriptive analysis methods. Data were collected through relevant academic articles, reports, and semi-structured interviews with 50 experts related to water management, international development, and international relations. The study was conducted based on the theoretical framework of international development to assess the impact of foreign assistance and cooperation on the development of Afghanistan’s water sector. The findings of the study show that international aid and cooperation have played a significant role in strengthening Afghanistan’s water management capacities through financial support, technical assistance, infrastructure development, technology transfer, and capacity-building programs. Also, based on the thematic analysis, five main themes emerged: water management problems and needs, key areas of international cooperation, the impact of international aid, barriers to cooperation, and alternative solutions for sustainable water management. However, political instability, security problems, weak coordination between relevant institutions, lack of local ownership, and weak long-term planning are still considered important obstacles to the effectiveness of international aid. The study recommends that coordination between international donors, development agencies, and national institutions be strengthened, sustainable funding mechanisms be established, technical capacity-building programs be prioritized, and regional cooperation for the management of shared water resources be expanded. These measures can play an effective role in promoting good water governance, climate change resilience, and sustainable water management and development in Afghanistan.

Received: 16-05-2026 | Revised: 03-06-2026 | Accepted: 15-06-2026 | Published: 02-07-2026